{"id":46,"date":"2022-10-14T09:40:37","date_gmt":"2022-10-14T09:40:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/owlplus.eu\/latgalian\/chapter\/pre-school-education\/"},"modified":"2023-07-18T05:37:22","modified_gmt":"2023-07-18T05:37:22","slug":"pre-school-education","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/owlplus.eu\/latgalian\/chapter\/pre-school-education\/","title":{"raw":"Izgleiteibys viesturis fakti \/ Facts about the History of Education","rendered":"Izgleiteibys viesturis fakti \/ Facts about the History of Education"},"content":{"raw":"<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Vacuokuo \u0161kola <strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff\">Latgol\u0101<\/span><\/strong> (piec B. Bre\u017ego) ir dybynuota Daugovpil\u012b laika p\u016bsm\u0101 nu 1625. da 1628. godam. Nu 1813. goda jei dorbuojus\u0113s Kruoslov\u0101, bet nu 1855. goda puorcalta iz R\u0113zekni, dorbuojuos kai R\u0113zeknis 1. pamat\u0161kola <strong><span style=\"color: #800000\">Latvejis<\/span><\/strong> breivva\u013csts laik\u0101, R\u0113zeknis 1. vydus\u0161kolu var p\u012bzeit par juos ma\u0146tineicu. Tei beja jezuitu dybynuota \u0161kola, kur\u0101 var\u0113ja vuiceit\u012bs tik boguot\u016bs cylv\u0101ku b\u0101rni, kur\u016bs vyd\u0101 v\u0113\u013c ilgi nav latv\u012b\u0161u. Pamatvuiceibu vol\u016bda tym\u0101 laik\u0101 ir bejuse p\u016b\u013cu.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Jezuiti pi bazneicom suoce dybynuot \u0161kolys. Kai v\u012bna nu pyrm\u016bs Vi\u013cak\u0101 (1683), Pusti\u0146\u0101 (1748), tod ap 1750. godu ari Dagd\u0101, Feima\u0146\u016bs i cytur.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Pyrmuo augstuokuo vuiceibu \u012bstuode <span style=\"color: #800000\"><strong>Latvej\u0101<\/strong><\/span> ir bejs <strong>Kruoslovys Goreigais seminars<\/strong> (1757\u20131844), kuru ir absolvieju\u0161i puori par 250 bazneickungu, kas 19. g. s. veiduoja latgal\u012b\u0161u laiceiguos literaturys suokys i turpynuoja goreiguos literaturys i v\u012btejuos latv\u012b\u0161u vol\u016bdys k\u016bp\u0161onys tradicejis. Ite jau vuica v\u012btej\u016b latv\u012b\u0161u vol\u016bdu.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">V\u012bns nu bazneickungu, kas pabeidze Kruoslovys Goreig\u016b seminaru, beja Juo\u0146s Kurmins. Jis beja piec tauteibys leitov\u012bts i izdeve pyrm\u016b latgal\u012b\u0161u vuordineicu \u201eS\u0142ownik polsko \u0142acinsko \u0142otewski..\u201d (<em>P\u016b\u013cu\u2013lat\u012b\u0146u\u2013latv\u012b\u0161u vuordineica..<\/em>).<\/p>\r\n<img class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-155\" src=\"https:\/\/owlplus.eu\/latgalian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/10\/vardnicas_kurmina_vaks-218x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"218\" height=\"300\" \/>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 J. Kurmina vuordineicys vuoks\r\n\r\n[h5p id=\"18\"]\r\n\r\nKa gribi vaira dazynuot par J.\u00a0Kurmina vuordineicu, pasaver: <span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lingvistiskakarte.lv\/tag\/jana_kurmina_slownik\">http:\/\/www.lingvistiskakarte.lv\/tag\/jana_kurmina_slownik\u00a0<\/a><\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Par draud\u017eu, v\u0101luok ari pyrm\u016bs taut\u0161kolu dybynuo\u0161onu i pastuovie\u0161onys laiku ir vysai pretruneigys zinis. It\u016b n\u016bsaceja: 1)\u00a0<strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff\">Latgolys <\/span><\/strong>atsaras\u0161ona periferej\u0101, \u0161kolu pak\u013cauteiba nu suoku Vi\u013cnis universitatis (da 1824.\u00a0godam), v\u0101luok Boltkr\u012bvejis, P\u012bterpi\u013cs vuiceibu apgobolam (1829\u20131864), tod otkon Vi\u013cnis vuiceibu apgobolam, nu 1918.\u00a0g. \u2013 v\u012btejuos varys puorva\u013cdei, 2)\u00a0draudzis \u0161kolu slieg\u0161ona piec 1830.\u00a0goda.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Nu 1824. g. n\u016bsaceits, ka vysuos \u0161koluos vuiceibu vol\u016bda ir kr\u012bvu vol\u016bda. Vi\u0146 1907. g. saisteib\u0101 ar Nikodema Ranc\u0101na dybynuotajom \u0161kolom R\u0113zekn\u0113 pasaruoda v\u012btejuo latv\u012b\u0161u vol\u016bda kai vuiceibu pr\u012b\u0161kmats. Juodasoka, ka da\u017euos draudzis \u0161koluos M. Rots Daugovpil\u012b, Dagd\u0101, K. Buinickis R\u0113zekn\u0113, E. Braslings Str\u016b\u017e\u0101n\u016bs vuiceja v\u012btej\u016b latv\u012b\u0161u vol\u016bdu, nasaver\u016bt iz aizl\u012bgumu.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Pi vacuok\u016bs taut\u0161kolu mi\u0146: Str\u016b\u017e\u0101nu (1840), Vuorkovys (1845), Leivuona (1854), Ondrupinis (1860), Zviergzdinis (1860).\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<strong>Dav\u012bnoj kart\u0113 sovu \u0161kolu i tuos dybynuo\u0161onys ci darbeibys laiku!<\/strong>\r\n\r\n[h5p id=\"25\"]\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Suoc\u016bt ar 1920.\u00a0godu, <strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff\">Latgol\u0101<\/span><\/strong> suoc pakuopeniski dorbuot\u012bs \u010detrklaseiguos i se\u0161klaseiguos \u0161kolys, kuruos vuiceibu vol\u016bda ir latv\u012b\u0161u vol\u016bda, ar it\u016b sapr\u016bt\u016bt latgal\u012b\u0161u izl\u016bksni (myusu d\u012bnuos \u2013 latgal\u012b\u0161u vol\u016bda) pyrmajuos div klas\u0113s, pie\u010duok kai vuiceibu pr\u012b\u0161kmats, i vyds (ari balt\u012b\u0161u) izl\u016bksne (myusu d\u012bnuos \u2013 latv\u012b\u0161u literaruo vol\u016bda) kai vuiceibu vol\u016bda nu tre\u0161uos klasis. S\u016bpluok latv\u012b\u0161u (latgal\u012b\u0161u) \u0161kolom dorbuojuos \u0161kolys ar kr\u012bvu, p\u016b\u013cu vuiceibu vol\u016bdu, kai ari \u017eydu \u0161kolys. Itaida vol\u016bdu apgivis politika pastuov da 1934. godam \u2013 K\u0101r\u013ca Ulma\u0146a apv\u0101rsumam.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Informaceju par sovu \u0161kolu vari mekl\u0113t \u017eurnal\u0101 \u201eLatgolas \u0160kola\u201c (1921\u20131938).\u00a0 <em>18\u00a0darb\u012bbas gados tika izdoti 93\u00a0num. uz apm\u0113ram\u00a02000\u00a0lpp. <\/em>(Rudko 1990) Tys beja izdavums, kas atsp\u012bge\u013cuoja <strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff\">Latgolys<\/span><\/strong> \u0161kolu situaceju, izgleiteibys stuov\u016bkli i politiku, izgleituoja par pedagogiskom metodem, pietejumim, p\u012bgr\u012bze lelu viereibu latgal\u012b\u0161u vol\u016bdai i literaturai.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><img class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-158\" src=\"https:\/\/owlplus.eu\/latgalian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/10\/Latgolys_skolajpg.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"200\" height=\"300\" \/> Latgolas \u0160kola, Nr.2 (01.04.1922.)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nAtminis par pogosta \u0161kolu \u201ekr\u012bvu laik\u016bs\u201d var skaiteit \u017eurnal\u0101 \u201eLatgolas \u0161kola\u201d: <span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"http:\/\/periodika.lv\/periodika2-viewer\/?lang=fr#panel:pp|issue:12380|article:DIVL22\">http:\/\/periodika.lv\/periodika2-viewer\/? lang=fr#panel:pp|issue:12380|article:DIVL22<\/a><\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Latgal\u012b\u0161u vol\u016bda \u0161kol\u0101 atsagr\u012bze v\u0113\u013c nacistiskuos Vuocejis okupacejis laik\u0101 (1941\u20131944). Vysu pad\u016bmu laiku \u0161koluos vuiceja tikai v\u012bnu latv\u012b\u0161u vol\u016bdys paveidu \u2013 latv\u012b\u0161u literar\u016b vol\u016bdu. Ari piec Latvejis naatkareibys atjaunuo\u0161onys 1991. god\u0101 latgal\u012b\u0161u vol\u016bda naatsagr\u012bze \u0161kol\u0101 kai vuiceibu pr\u012b\u0161kmats ci vol\u016bda, a fragmentari pasaruodeja kai fakultativs pr\u012b\u0161kmats ci uorpusstu\u0146\u017eu pulce\u0146\u0161.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Ol\u016bti \/ Sources<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Bre\u017ego, Bo\u013ceslavs. Vac\u014dk\u014d sk\u016bla. Bre\u017ego, Bo\u013ceslavs. <em>Latgolas pag\u014dtne,\u00a0I.<\/em> Daugavpils: Vl.\u00a0L\u014d\u010da izd., 1943.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Kurmin, Jan. S\u0142ownik polsko \u0142acinsko \u0142otewski u\u0142ozony i napisany przez xi\u0119dza Jana Kurmina. Wilno: M. Zymelowicza, 1858.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><em>Latgolas \u0160kola<\/em> (1921\u20131938). <span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"http:\/\/periodika.lv\/#periodicalItem:468\">http:\/\/periodika.lv\/#periodicalItem:468<\/a><\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li>Leikuma, Lideja. <em>Gruomota \u0161koluotuojim. <\/em>Lielv\u0101rde: Lielv\u0101rds, 1993.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Rudko, Napoleons, Tretjuks, P\u0113teris (1990). <em>Ieskats Latgales skolu v\u0113stur\u0113. <\/em>Vi\u013c\u0101ni: LR\u00a0Tautas izgl\u012bt\u012bbas ministrija.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Skomba [Kemps, F.]. Kai es g\u014dju pogosta \u0161kol\u0101. <em>Latgolas \u0161kola<\/em>. 1938, Nr.3, 50.\u201353.\u00a0lpp. <span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"http:\/\/periodika.lv\/periodika2-viewer\/?lang=fr#panel:pp|issue:12380|article:DIVL22\">http:\/\/periodika.lv\/periodika2-viewer\/?lang=fr#panel:pp|issue:12380|article:DIVL22<\/a><\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u0160uplinska, I. Latgolys \u0161kola. <em>Latgal\u012b\u0161u rokstu vol\u016bda.<\/em> <span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tavaklase.lv\/video\/latgolys-skola\/\">https:\/\/www.tavaklase.lv\/video\/latgolys-skola\/<\/a><\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u0160uplinska, I. Latgolys \u0161kola. \u0160uplinska, I. zin. red. <em>Latgolys lingvoteritorialuo vuordineica<\/em> II. R\u0113zekne: R\u0113zeknis Augst\u0161kola, 2012, 397\u2013400. lpp.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">The oldest school in Latgale (according to B. Bre\u017ego) was founded in Daugavpils in the time between 1625 and 1628. Since 1813, it continued its work in Kr\u0101slava, and in 1855 it moved to R\u0113zekne. During the first period of independence of Latvia, it operated under the name of 1st Primary School; R\u0113zekne 1st Secondary School can today be considered to be its heir. The school was founded by Jesuit monks and was attended by children of rich families, which for a long time were not Latvians. The main language of education of the time was Polish.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">The Jesuits also founded other schools close to their churches. Among the first of such schools were the ones in Vi\u013caka (1683), Pusti\u0146a (1748) and after 1750 also in Dagda, Feima\u0146i and other places.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">The first institution of higher education in Latvia was the Seminary in Kr\u0101slava (1757-1844). More than 250 priests graduated from that school. Here, the development of secular Latgalian literature started. Also, it continued traditions of religious literature and to cultivate the local Latvian varieties. Thereby, a local Latvian language was created.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nOne of the priests who attended the Seminary in Kr\u0101slava was Juo\u0146s Kurmins. He was of Lithuanian ethnicity, and published the \u201eS\u0142ownik polsko \u0142acinsko \u0142otewski..\u201d (\u201ePolish-Latin-Latvian dictionary..\u201d), the first dictionary which included Latgalian.\r\n\r\n<img class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-155\" src=\"https:\/\/owlplus.eu\/latgalian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/10\/vardnicas_kurmina_vaks-218x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"218\" height=\"300\" \/>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 J. Kurmin's dictionary cover\r\n\r\n[h5p id=\"48\"]\r\n\r\nIf you are interested to get more information on the dictionary by Juo\u0146s Kurmins, check here: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.lingvistiskakarte.lv\/tag\/jana_kurmina_slownik\" target=\"_top\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.lingvistiskakarte.lv\/tag\/jana_kurmina_slownik<\/a>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Information about the religious schools, and later also about the foundation of the first regular elementary schools is contradictory. The following claims have been made: 1) <span style=\"text-align: justify;font-size: 1em\">In the Latgalian periphery, schools belonged first to the University of Vilnius (starting in 1824), later to the provinces of Belarus and St. Petersburg (1829-1864), and then again to Vilnius. Since 1918, local municipalities were in charge; 2) After 1830, the religious schools were closed.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Since 1824, the language of instruction in all schools had to be Russian. In 1907, the local Latvian language was introduced as a subject, after Nikodems Ranc\u0101ns had founded schools in R\u0113zekne. Also, some schools continued to operate in the local Latvian language, in spite of the prohibition, based on individual decisions by teachers \u2013 for instance M. Rots in Daugavpils and Dagda, K. Buinickis in R\u0113zekne or E. Branslings in Str\u016b\u017e\u0101ni.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">The oldest primary schools were in Str\u016b\u017e\u0101ni (1840), Vuorkova (1845), Leivuons (1854), Ondrupinis (1860), and Zviergzdinis (1860).<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<strong>Connect your school on the map with its year of foundation and time of operation!<\/strong>\r\n\r\n[h5p id=\"25\"]\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">From 1920 onwards, 4-year and 6-year primary schools were slowly introduced all over Latgale. Where the language of instruction was Latvian, this meant at the time the \u201eLatgalian dialect\u201d (i.e. the Latgalian language in today\u2019s understanding) during the first two years. From Grade 3 onwards, Latgalian continues to be taught as a subject, with the \u201eBaltic dialect\u201d (i.e. the Latvian Standard language in today\u2019s understanding) as language of instruction. In addition, there are schools with Russian or Polish as languages of instruction, as well as Jewish schools. This school language policy continues until the 1934 coup d\u2019\u00e9tat by K\u0101rlis Ulmanis.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>You can find information about your school between 1921 and 1938 in the journal \u201eLatgolas \u0160kola\u201c, which appeared in 93 issues with a total of about 2000 pages over a period of 18 years (Rudko 1990). The journal reflects the situation of schools in Latgale, the level of education, educational policies, pedagogical methods, and the high level of attention that was given to Latgalian language and literature.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<img class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-158\" src=\"https:\/\/owlplus.eu\/latgalian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/10\/Latgolys_skolajpg.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"200\" height=\"300\" \/> Latgolas \u0160kola, Nr.2 (01.04.1922.)\r\n\r\nMemories of rural schools in \u201eRussian times\u201d as reflected in \u201eLatgolas \u0161kola\u201d can be found here: <a href=\"http:\/\/periodika.lv\/periodika2-viewer\/?lang=fr#_blank\">http:\/\/periodika.lv\/periodika2-viewer\/?lang=fr#panel:pp|issue:12380|article:DIVL22<\/a>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Latgalian returns to schools in the years of occupation by Nazi Germany (1941-1944). During the entire era of Soviet occupation, Latvian schools operate only in the other variety of the Latvian language \u2013 Standard Latvian. Also after the re-establishment of Latvian independence in 1991, Latgalian is neither offered as language of instruction nor as subject. Only occasionally, Latgalian is today a facultative subject or taught in voluntary afternoon classes.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","rendered":"<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Vacuokuo \u0161kola <strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff\">Latgol\u0101<\/span><\/strong> (piec B. Bre\u017ego) ir dybynuota Daugovpil\u012b laika p\u016bsm\u0101 nu 1625. da 1628. godam. Nu 1813. goda jei dorbuojus\u0113s Kruoslov\u0101, bet nu 1855. goda puorcalta iz R\u0113zekni, dorbuojuos kai R\u0113zeknis 1. pamat\u0161kola <strong><span style=\"color: #800000\">Latvejis<\/span><\/strong> breivva\u013csts laik\u0101, R\u0113zeknis 1. vydus\u0161kolu var p\u012bzeit par juos ma\u0146tineicu. Tei beja jezuitu dybynuota \u0161kola, kur\u0101 var\u0113ja vuiceit\u012bs tik boguot\u016bs cylv\u0101ku b\u0101rni, kur\u016bs vyd\u0101 v\u0113\u013c ilgi nav latv\u012b\u0161u. Pamatvuiceibu vol\u016bda tym\u0101 laik\u0101 ir bejuse p\u016b\u013cu.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Jezuiti pi bazneicom suoce dybynuot \u0161kolys. Kai v\u012bna nu pyrm\u016bs Vi\u013cak\u0101 (1683), Pusti\u0146\u0101 (1748), tod ap 1750. godu ari Dagd\u0101, Feima\u0146\u016bs i cytur.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Pyrmuo augstuokuo vuiceibu \u012bstuode <span style=\"color: #800000\"><strong>Latvej\u0101<\/strong><\/span> ir bejs <strong>Kruoslovys Goreigais seminars<\/strong> (1757\u20131844), kuru ir absolvieju\u0161i puori par 250 bazneickungu, kas 19. g. s. veiduoja latgal\u012b\u0161u laiceiguos literaturys suokys i turpynuoja goreiguos literaturys i v\u012btejuos latv\u012b\u0161u vol\u016bdys k\u016bp\u0161onys tradicejis. Ite jau vuica v\u012btej\u016b latv\u012b\u0161u vol\u016bdu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">V\u012bns nu bazneickungu, kas pabeidze Kruoslovys Goreig\u016b seminaru, beja Juo\u0146s Kurmins. Jis beja piec tauteibys leitov\u012bts i izdeve pyrm\u016b latgal\u012b\u0161u vuordineicu \u201eS\u0142ownik polsko \u0142acinsko \u0142otewski..\u201d (<em>P\u016b\u013cu\u2013lat\u012b\u0146u\u2013latv\u012b\u0161u vuordineica..<\/em>).<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-155\" src=\"https:\/\/owlplus.eu\/latgalian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/10\/vardnicas_kurmina_vaks-218x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"218\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/owlplus.eu\/latgalian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/10\/vardnicas_kurmina_vaks-218x300.jpg 218w, https:\/\/owlplus.eu\/latgalian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/10\/vardnicas_kurmina_vaks-744x1024.jpg 744w, https:\/\/owlplus.eu\/latgalian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/10\/vardnicas_kurmina_vaks-768x1058.jpg 768w, https:\/\/owlplus.eu\/latgalian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/10\/vardnicas_kurmina_vaks-1115x1536.jpg 1115w, https:\/\/owlplus.eu\/latgalian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/10\/vardnicas_kurmina_vaks-1487x2048.jpg 1487w, https:\/\/owlplus.eu\/latgalian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/10\/vardnicas_kurmina_vaks-65x90.jpg 65w, https:\/\/owlplus.eu\/latgalian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/10\/vardnicas_kurmina_vaks-225x310.jpg 225w, https:\/\/owlplus.eu\/latgalian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/10\/vardnicas_kurmina_vaks-350x482.jpg 350w, https:\/\/owlplus.eu\/latgalian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/10\/vardnicas_kurmina_vaks-scaled.jpg 1859w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 218px) 100vw, 218px\" \/>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 J. Kurmina vuordineicys vuoks<\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-18\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-18\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"18\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Sav\u012bnoj atbylst\u016b\u0161\u016bs vuordus!\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Ka gribi vaira dazynuot par J.\u00a0Kurmina vuordineicu, pasaver: <span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lingvistiskakarte.lv\/tag\/jana_kurmina_slownik\">http:\/\/www.lingvistiskakarte.lv\/tag\/jana_kurmina_slownik\u00a0<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Par draud\u017eu, v\u0101luok ari pyrm\u016bs taut\u0161kolu dybynuo\u0161onu i pastuovie\u0161onys laiku ir vysai pretruneigys zinis. It\u016b n\u016bsaceja: 1)\u00a0<strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff\">Latgolys <\/span><\/strong>atsaras\u0161ona periferej\u0101, \u0161kolu pak\u013cauteiba nu suoku Vi\u013cnis universitatis (da 1824.\u00a0godam), v\u0101luok Boltkr\u012bvejis, P\u012bterpi\u013cs vuiceibu apgobolam (1829\u20131864), tod otkon Vi\u013cnis vuiceibu apgobolam, nu 1918.\u00a0g. \u2013 v\u012btejuos varys puorva\u013cdei, 2)\u00a0draudzis \u0161kolu slieg\u0161ona piec 1830.\u00a0goda.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Nu 1824. g. n\u016bsaceits, ka vysuos \u0161koluos vuiceibu vol\u016bda ir kr\u012bvu vol\u016bda. Vi\u0146 1907. g. saisteib\u0101 ar Nikodema Ranc\u0101na dybynuotajom \u0161kolom R\u0113zekn\u0113 pasaruoda v\u012btejuo latv\u012b\u0161u vol\u016bda kai vuiceibu pr\u012b\u0161kmats. Juodasoka, ka da\u017euos draudzis \u0161koluos M. Rots Daugovpil\u012b, Dagd\u0101, K. Buinickis R\u0113zekn\u0113, E. Braslings Str\u016b\u017e\u0101n\u016bs vuiceja v\u012btej\u016b latv\u012b\u0161u vol\u016bdu, nasaver\u016bt iz aizl\u012bgumu.<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Pi vacuok\u016bs taut\u0161kolu mi\u0146: Str\u016b\u017e\u0101nu (1840), Vuorkovys (1845), Leivuona (1854), Ondrupinis (1860), Zviergzdinis (1860).\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Dav\u012bnoj kart\u0113 sovu \u0161kolu i tuos dybynuo\u0161onys ci darbeibys laiku!<\/strong><\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-25\">\n<div class=\"h5p-content\" data-content-id=\"25\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Suoc\u016bt ar 1920.\u00a0godu, <strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff\">Latgol\u0101<\/span><\/strong> suoc pakuopeniski dorbuot\u012bs \u010detrklaseiguos i se\u0161klaseiguos \u0161kolys, kuruos vuiceibu vol\u016bda ir latv\u012b\u0161u vol\u016bda, ar it\u016b sapr\u016bt\u016bt latgal\u012b\u0161u izl\u016bksni (myusu d\u012bnuos \u2013 latgal\u012b\u0161u vol\u016bda) pyrmajuos div klas\u0113s, pie\u010duok kai vuiceibu pr\u012b\u0161kmats, i vyds (ari balt\u012b\u0161u) izl\u016bksne (myusu d\u012bnuos \u2013 latv\u012b\u0161u literaruo vol\u016bda) kai vuiceibu vol\u016bda nu tre\u0161uos klasis. S\u016bpluok latv\u012b\u0161u (latgal\u012b\u0161u) \u0161kolom dorbuojuos \u0161kolys ar kr\u012bvu, p\u016b\u013cu vuiceibu vol\u016bdu, kai ari \u017eydu \u0161kolys. Itaida vol\u016bdu apgivis politika pastuov da 1934. godam \u2013 K\u0101r\u013ca Ulma\u0146a apv\u0101rsumam.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Informaceju par sovu \u0161kolu vari mekl\u0113t \u017eurnal\u0101 \u201eLatgolas \u0160kola\u201c (1921\u20131938).\u00a0 <em>18\u00a0darb\u012bbas gados tika izdoti 93\u00a0num. uz apm\u0113ram\u00a02000\u00a0lpp. <\/em>(Rudko 1990) Tys beja izdavums, kas atsp\u012bge\u013cuoja <strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff\">Latgolys<\/span><\/strong> \u0161kolu situaceju, izgleiteibys stuov\u016bkli i politiku, izgleituoja par pedagogiskom metodem, pietejumim, p\u012bgr\u012bze lelu viereibu latgal\u012b\u0161u vol\u016bdai i literaturai.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-158\" src=\"https:\/\/owlplus.eu\/latgalian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/10\/Latgolys_skolajpg.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"200\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/owlplus.eu\/latgalian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/10\/Latgolys_skolajpg.jpg 200w, https:\/\/owlplus.eu\/latgalian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/10\/Latgolys_skolajpg-65x98.jpg 65w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/> Latgolas \u0160kola, Nr.2 (01.04.1922.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Atminis par pogosta \u0161kolu \u201ekr\u012bvu laik\u016bs\u201d var skaiteit \u017eurnal\u0101 \u201eLatgolas \u0161kola\u201d: <span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"http:\/\/periodika.lv\/periodika2-viewer\/?lang=fr#panel:pp|issue:12380|article:DIVL22\">http:\/\/periodika.lv\/periodika2-viewer\/? lang=fr#panel:pp|issue:12380|article:DIVL22<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Latgal\u012b\u0161u vol\u016bda \u0161kol\u0101 atsagr\u012bze v\u0113\u013c nacistiskuos Vuocejis okupacejis laik\u0101 (1941\u20131944). Vysu pad\u016bmu laiku \u0161koluos vuiceja tikai v\u012bnu latv\u012b\u0161u vol\u016bdys paveidu \u2013 latv\u012b\u0161u literar\u016b vol\u016bdu. Ari piec Latvejis naatkareibys atjaunuo\u0161onys 1991. god\u0101 latgal\u012b\u0161u vol\u016bda naatsagr\u012bze \u0161kol\u0101 kai vuiceibu pr\u012b\u0161kmats ci vol\u016bda, a fragmentari pasaruodeja kai fakultativs pr\u012b\u0161kmats ci uorpusstu\u0146\u017eu pulce\u0146\u0161.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ol\u016bti \/ Sources<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Bre\u017ego, Bo\u013ceslavs. Vac\u014dk\u014d sk\u016bla. Bre\u017ego, Bo\u013ceslavs. <em>Latgolas pag\u014dtne,\u00a0I.<\/em> Daugavpils: Vl.\u00a0L\u014d\u010da izd., 1943.<\/li>\n<li>Kurmin, Jan. S\u0142ownik polsko \u0142acinsko \u0142otewski u\u0142ozony i napisany przez xi\u0119dza Jana Kurmina. Wilno: M. Zymelowicza, 1858.<\/li>\n<li><em>Latgolas \u0160kola<\/em> (1921\u20131938). <span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"http:\/\/periodika.lv\/#periodicalItem:468\">http:\/\/periodika.lv\/#periodicalItem:468<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li>Leikuma, Lideja. <em>Gruomota \u0161koluotuojim. <\/em>Lielv\u0101rde: Lielv\u0101rds, 1993.<\/li>\n<li>Rudko, Napoleons, Tretjuks, P\u0113teris (1990). <em>Ieskats Latgales skolu v\u0113stur\u0113. <\/em>Vi\u013c\u0101ni: LR\u00a0Tautas izgl\u012bt\u012bbas ministrija.<\/li>\n<li>Skomba [Kemps, F.]. Kai es g\u014dju pogosta \u0161kol\u0101. <em>Latgolas \u0161kola<\/em>. 1938, Nr.3, 50.\u201353.\u00a0lpp. <span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"http:\/\/periodika.lv\/periodika2-viewer\/?lang=fr#panel:pp|issue:12380|article:DIVL22\">http:\/\/periodika.lv\/periodika2-viewer\/?lang=fr#panel:pp|issue:12380|article:DIVL22<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li>\u0160uplinska, I. Latgolys \u0161kola. <em>Latgal\u012b\u0161u rokstu vol\u016bda.<\/em> <span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tavaklase.lv\/video\/latgolys-skola\/\">https:\/\/www.tavaklase.lv\/video\/latgolys-skola\/<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li>\u0160uplinska, I. Latgolys \u0161kola. \u0160uplinska, I. zin. red. <em>Latgolys lingvoteritorialuo vuordineica<\/em> II. R\u0113zekne: R\u0113zeknis Augst\u0161kola, 2012, 397\u2013400. lpp.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">The oldest school in Latgale (according to B. Bre\u017ego) was founded in Daugavpils in the time between 1625 and 1628. Since 1813, it continued its work in Kr\u0101slava, and in 1855 it moved to R\u0113zekne. During the first period of independence of Latvia, it operated under the name of 1st Primary School; R\u0113zekne 1st Secondary School can today be considered to be its heir. The school was founded by Jesuit monks and was attended by children of rich families, which for a long time were not Latvians. The main language of education of the time was Polish.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">The Jesuits also founded other schools close to their churches. Among the first of such schools were the ones in Vi\u013caka (1683), Pusti\u0146a (1748) and after 1750 also in Dagda, Feima\u0146i and other places.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">The first institution of higher education in Latvia was the Seminary in Kr\u0101slava (1757-1844). More than 250 priests graduated from that school. Here, the development of secular Latgalian literature started. Also, it continued traditions of religious literature and to cultivate the local Latvian varieties. Thereby, a local Latvian language was created.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>One of the priests who attended the Seminary in Kr\u0101slava was Juo\u0146s Kurmins. He was of Lithuanian ethnicity, and published the \u201eS\u0142ownik polsko \u0142acinsko \u0142otewski..\u201d (\u201ePolish-Latin-Latvian dictionary..\u201d), the first dictionary which included Latgalian.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-155\" src=\"https:\/\/owlplus.eu\/latgalian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/10\/vardnicas_kurmina_vaks-218x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"218\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/owlplus.eu\/latgalian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/10\/vardnicas_kurmina_vaks-218x300.jpg 218w, https:\/\/owlplus.eu\/latgalian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/10\/vardnicas_kurmina_vaks-744x1024.jpg 744w, https:\/\/owlplus.eu\/latgalian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/10\/vardnicas_kurmina_vaks-768x1058.jpg 768w, https:\/\/owlplus.eu\/latgalian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/10\/vardnicas_kurmina_vaks-1115x1536.jpg 1115w, https:\/\/owlplus.eu\/latgalian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/10\/vardnicas_kurmina_vaks-1487x2048.jpg 1487w, https:\/\/owlplus.eu\/latgalian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/10\/vardnicas_kurmina_vaks-65x90.jpg 65w, https:\/\/owlplus.eu\/latgalian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/10\/vardnicas_kurmina_vaks-225x310.jpg 225w, https:\/\/owlplus.eu\/latgalian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/10\/vardnicas_kurmina_vaks-350x482.jpg 350w, https:\/\/owlplus.eu\/latgalian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/10\/vardnicas_kurmina_vaks-scaled.jpg 1859w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 218px) 100vw, 218px\" \/>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 J. Kurmin&#8217;s dictionary cover<\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-48\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-48\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"48\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Drag the words!\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>If you are interested to get more information on the dictionary by Juo\u0146s Kurmins, check here: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.lingvistiskakarte.lv\/tag\/jana_kurmina_slownik\" target=\"_top\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.lingvistiskakarte.lv\/tag\/jana_kurmina_slownik<\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Information about the religious schools, and later also about the foundation of the first regular elementary schools is contradictory. The following claims have been made: 1) <span style=\"text-align: justify;font-size: 1em\">In the Latgalian periphery, schools belonged first to the University of Vilnius (starting in 1824), later to the provinces of Belarus and St. Petersburg (1829-1864), and then again to Vilnius. Since 1918, local municipalities were in charge; 2) After 1830, the religious schools were closed.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Since 1824, the language of instruction in all schools had to be Russian. In 1907, the local Latvian language was introduced as a subject, after Nikodems Ranc\u0101ns had founded schools in R\u0113zekne. Also, some schools continued to operate in the local Latvian language, in spite of the prohibition, based on individual decisions by teachers \u2013 for instance M. Rots in Daugavpils and Dagda, K. Buinickis in R\u0113zekne or E. Branslings in Str\u016b\u017e\u0101ni.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">The oldest primary schools were in Str\u016b\u017e\u0101ni (1840), Vuorkova (1845), Leivuons (1854), Ondrupinis (1860), and Zviergzdinis (1860).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Connect your school on the map with its year of foundation and time of operation!<\/strong><\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-25\">\n<div class=\"h5p-content\" data-content-id=\"25\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">From 1920 onwards, 4-year and 6-year primary schools were slowly introduced all over Latgale. Where the language of instruction was Latvian, this meant at the time the \u201eLatgalian dialect\u201d (i.e. the Latgalian language in today\u2019s understanding) during the first two years. From Grade 3 onwards, Latgalian continues to be taught as a subject, with the \u201eBaltic dialect\u201d (i.e. the Latvian Standard language in today\u2019s understanding) as language of instruction. In addition, there are schools with Russian or Polish as languages of instruction, as well as Jewish schools. This school language policy continues until the 1934 coup d\u2019\u00e9tat by K\u0101rlis Ulmanis.<\/li>\n<li>You can find information about your school between 1921 and 1938 in the journal \u201eLatgolas \u0160kola\u201c, which appeared in 93 issues with a total of about 2000 pages over a period of 18 years (Rudko 1990). The journal reflects the situation of schools in Latgale, the level of education, educational policies, pedagogical methods, and the high level of attention that was given to Latgalian language and literature.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-158\" src=\"https:\/\/owlplus.eu\/latgalian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/10\/Latgolys_skolajpg.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"200\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/owlplus.eu\/latgalian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/10\/Latgolys_skolajpg.jpg 200w, https:\/\/owlplus.eu\/latgalian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/10\/Latgolys_skolajpg-65x98.jpg 65w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/> Latgolas \u0160kola, Nr.2 (01.04.1922.)<\/p>\n<p>Memories of rural schools in \u201eRussian times\u201d as reflected in \u201eLatgolas \u0161kola\u201d can be found here: <a href=\"http:\/\/periodika.lv\/periodika2-viewer\/?lang=fr#_blank\">http:\/\/periodika.lv\/periodika2-viewer\/?lang=fr#panel:pp|issue:12380|article:DIVL22<\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Latgalian returns to schools in the years of occupation by Nazi Germany (1941-1944). During the entire era of Soviet occupation, Latvian schools operate only in the other variety of the Latvian language \u2013 Standard Latvian. Also after the re-establishment of Latvian independence in 1991, Latgalian is neither offered as language of instruction nor as subject. Only occasionally, Latgalian is today a facultative subject or taught in voluntary afternoon classes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"menu_order":2,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-46","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":44,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/owlplus.eu\/latgalian\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/46","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/owlplus.eu\/latgalian\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/owlplus.eu\/latgalian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/owlplus.eu\/latgalian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"version-history":[{"count":18,"href":"https:\/\/owlplus.eu\/latgalian\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/46\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":426,"href":"https:\/\/owlplus.eu\/latgalian\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/46\/revisions\/426"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/owlplus.eu\/latgalian\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/44"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/owlplus.eu\/latgalian\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/46\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/owlplus.eu\/latgalian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=46"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/owlplus.eu\/latgalian\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=46"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/owlplus.eu\/latgalian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=46"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/owlplus.eu\/latgalian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=46"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}