{"id":45,"date":"2022-10-14T09:40:37","date_gmt":"2022-10-14T09:40:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/owlplus.eu\/latgalian\/chapter\/teaching-approaches\/"},"modified":"2023-07-18T05:32:58","modified_gmt":"2023-07-18T05:32:58","slug":"teaching-approaches","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/owlplus.eu\/latgalian\/chapter\/teaching-approaches\/","title":{"raw":"Kas \u012btekmej Latgolys i latgal\u012b\u0161u vol\u016bdys at\u0161kireibys? \/ What made Latgale and the Latgalian language so distinct?","rendered":"Kas \u012btekmej Latgolys i latgal\u012b\u0161u vol\u016bdys at\u0161kireibys? \/ What made Latgale and the Latgalian language so distinct?"},"content":{"raw":"<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">13. g. s. krysta karu rezultat\u0101 senej\u012b latgali, byudami jau pa da\u013cai pareizticeig\u012b, p\u012bjam kristticeibu katolicisma form\u0101. Kristticeib\u0101 latgali sagloboj ari sovu se\u0146\u010du religiskuos tradicejis. Katuolicisms <strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff\">Latgol\u0101<\/span><\/strong> n\u016bsastyprynoj 17.\u201318. g. s. P\u016blejis\u2013Leitovys lelva\u013csts laik\u0101. Sevi\u0161ka l\u016bma ir jezuitu i dominika\u0146u m\u016bku orde\u0146u darbeibai. 18. g. s. 70. god\u016bs apm\u0101ram nu 150 tyukst\u016b\u0161u <strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff\">Latgolys<\/span><\/strong> dzeivuotuoju beja ap 100 tyukst\u016b\u0161om katuo\u013cu.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Jezuiti dybynuoja misejis, c\u0113le bazneicys, veiduoja pyrmuos bibliotekys, \u0161kolys pi bazneicys, kai ari suoce d\u016bmuot par pyrmajim rokstim, lai v\u012btejais dzeivuotuojs saprostu D\u012bva vuordu i atsasaceitu nu se\u0146\u010du tradiceju. Kai soka, nakry\u0161kuo\u0146us raudzeja p\u012bv\u0113rst katuo\u013cu ticeibai. Tei ari n\u016bsastyprynuoja tik stypri, ka latgal\u012b\u0161i v\u0113\u013c 20. g. s. suokuos, vaicuoti par t\u016b, kaidys tauteibys j\u012b ir, atsaceja, ka katuoli.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Kai redzim, latgal\u012b\u0161u rokstu vol\u016bda jezuitim beja vajadzeiga teiri praktiskam n\u016bd\u016bmam, kab v\u012btej\u016bs latgal\u012b\u0161us p\u012bgr\u012bzt katuo\u013cticeibai.<\/p>\r\nN\u016bsaver video i <strong>atkuortuoj svareiguok\u016bs viesturisk\u016bs faktus, kas n\u016bsaceja, ka <span style=\"color: #0000ff\">Latgolai<\/span> ir at\u0161kireiga viesture, religiskuo p\u012bdereiba i rokstu vol\u016bdys atteisteiba!<\/strong>\r\n\r\n[h5p id=\"15\"]\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>1.aizdavums. Sav\u012bnoj personeibu ar jam rakstureig\u016b darbeibys vidi ci veikumu!<\/strong>\r\n\r\n[h5p id=\"16\"]\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Kuri ir svareiguok\u012b viesturis fakti, kas \u012btekmej Latgolys at\u0161kirteibu?<\/strong>\r\n\r\n[h5p id=\"17\"]\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Te ir div teksti, vacuokuo saglobuotuo gruomota, kas l\u012bk pamatu latv\u012b\u0161u drukuotam vuordam \u201cKato\u013cu katehisms\u201d (1585), \u00a0i \u201cEvangelia toto anno\u201d (1753).<\/p>\r\n\u00a0 <img class=\"alignnone wp-image-140\" src=\"https:\/\/owlplus.eu\/latgalian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/10\/Katehisms_01-300x268.jpg\" alt=\"\u201cKato\u013cu katehisms\u201d(1585),\" width=\"386\" height=\"345\" \/>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u201cKato\u013cu katehisms \u201d(1585, gotu \u0161rifts)\r\n\r\n<img class=\"alignnone wp-image-139\" style=\"font-size: 1em\" src=\"https:\/\/owlplus.eu\/latgalian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/10\/Toto_Anno-2-300x173.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"399\" height=\"230\" \/>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u201cEvangelia toto anno\u201d (1753, antikvys \u0161rifts)\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Puorskait t\u016bs! Raugi \u201epuorlikt\u201d tekstu atbylst\u016b\u0161i myusu d\u012bnu latgal\u012b\u0161u voi latv\u012b\u0161u literarajai vol\u016bdai. Kur tys \u012bspiejams, raugi saglobuot religiskam tekstam rakstureig\u016b izteiksmi!<\/strong><\/p>\r\nKa gribi vaira dazynuot par raksteibys at\u0161kireibom, n\u016bsaver n\u016bdarbeibu <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tavaklase.lv\/video\/rokstu-voludys-rassonuos-ii\/\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff\">Tavaklase.lv - Rokstu vol\u016bdys ras\u0161onuos II<\/span><\/a>!\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Taitod viesturisk\u012b n\u016btykumi i P\u016blejis-Leitovys lelva\u013csts \u012btekme n\u016bsoka katuo\u013cu ticeibys n\u016bsastyprynuo\u0161onu i at\u0161kireigys raksteibys \u012bv\u012bs\u0161onu.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Juop\u012bzeist, ka gotu \u0161ritfs puorej\u016bs <strong><span style=\"color: #800000\">Latvejis<\/span><\/strong> n\u016bvod\u016bs sasagloboj da Latvejis va\u013csts izveiduo\u0161onys, tik tod puorej\u0101 <strong><span style=\"color: #800000\">Latvej\u0101<\/span><\/strong> puor\u012bt iz latgal\u012b\u0161im \u012brost\u016b i viesturyskuos at\u0161kierteibys laik\u016bs izmontuot\u016b antikvu.<\/p>\r\nNu 18. godu symta varim runuot par divejom rokstu tradicejom latv\u012b\u0161u vol\u016bd\u0101.\r\n\r\n<strong>PATURI PRUOT\u0100!<\/strong>\r\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse;width: 89.608%;height: 175px\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 47px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 90.6272%;text-align: center;height: 47px\" colspan=\"2\">Obeju latv\u012b\u0161u rokstu tradiceju viesturiskuos izaveiduo\u0161onys faktori<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 128px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 46.7782%;height: 128px\">Latgal\u012b\u0161u rokstu pamat\u0101:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>antikvys \u0161rifts,<\/li>\r\n \t<li>p\u016b\u013cu raksteiba,<\/li>\r\n \t<li>leksika nu aug\u0161zemn\u012bku dialekta centralom izl\u016bksnem (Dagda\u2013R\u0113zekne)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 43.849%;height: 128px\">Vyds dialekta rokstu pamat\u0101:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>gotu \u0161rifts,<\/li>\r\n \t<li>lejisvuocu raksteiba,<\/li>\r\n \t<li>leksika nu vydsdialekta izl\u016bk\u0161\u0146u<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n&nbsp;<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\r\n\r\n<strong>Ol\u016bti \/ Sources<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><em>Catechismvs Catholicorum <\/em>[..] 1585. <span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"http:\/\/senie.korpuss.lv\/source.jsp?codificator=CC1585\">http:\/\/senie.korpuss.lv\/source.jsp?codificator=CC1585<\/a><\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li><em>Evangelia Toto Anno<\/em> [..] 1753. VILN\u00c6: Typis S. R. M. Academ. Societ. Je\u017fu, 1753. <span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"http:\/\/www.korpuss.lv\/senie\/static\/EvTA1753.html\">http:\/\/www.korpuss.lv\/senie\/static\/EvTA1753.html<\/a><\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li>Latgolys koncepti. <span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"http:\/\/futureofmuseums.eu\/lg\/virtual-gallery\/rezekne-higher-education-institution-collections\/\">http:\/\/futureofmuseums.eu\/lg\/virtual-gallery\/rezekne-higher-education-institution-collections\/<\/a><\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li>Malahovskis, V. Katuoli. \u0160uplinska, I. zin. red. <em>Latgolys lingvoteritorialuo vuordineica<\/em> II. R\u0113zekne: R\u0113zeknis Augst\u0161kola, 2012, 288.\u2013291. lpp.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Muizniece, E. Ilg\u012b godi zam sve\u0161im jumtim aba de\u013c kuo t\u012b latgal\u012b\u0161i sovai\u017euoki? <em>Baltie plankumi Latvijas v\u0113stur\u0113. <\/em>TvNet. <span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tvnet.lv\/6956768\/ilgi-godi-zem-svesim-jumtim-aba-del-kuo-ti-latgalisi-sovaizuoki\">https:\/\/www.tvnet.lv\/6956768\/ilgi-godi-zem-svesim-jumtim-aba-del-kuo-ti-latgalisi-sovaizuoki<\/a><\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li>Stafecka, A. (atb. red.).<em>Evangelia toto anno 1753. Pirm\u0101 latgalie\u0161u gr\u0101mata.<\/em>\u00a0R\u012bga: LU Latvie\u0161u valodas instit\u016bts, 2004.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u0160uplinska, I. Rokstu vol\u016bdys ras\u0161onuos, II. <em>Latgal\u012b\u0161u rokstu vol\u016bda.<\/em> <span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tavaklase.lv\/video\/rokstu-voludys-rassonuos-ii\/\">Tavaklase.lv - Rokstu vol\u016bdys ras\u0161onuos II<\/a><\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">In the 13th century, as a result of the crusades to North-Eastern Europe, ancient Latgalians adopted Catholicism, after they had partly converted to Orthodox Christianity earlier. However, in spite of becoming Christians, Latgalians also maintained some of their ancient religious traditions. Catholicism was strengthened in Latgale only in the 17th-18th centuries, when the area belonged to the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. In particular the Jesuits and the Dominicans played an important role in this. In the 1770s, of about 150,000 inhabitants in Latgale, about 100,000 were Catholics.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">The Jesuits created missions, built churches, and created first libraries and schools close to their churches. They started to think about the first texts in Latgalian so that the local inhabitants could understand the word of God and abandon their older traditions for good. Generally, they succeeded in establishing the Catholic faith in such an intense way that many Latgalians until the early 20th century, when asked about their national or ethnic identity, replied that they were Catholics.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">From this we can see that the Latgalian written language was important for the Jesuits for practical purposes, to convert local Latgalians to Catholicism.<\/p>\r\n<strong>Which important facts and events influenced the differences between Latgale and the rest of Latvia?<\/strong>\r\n\r\n[h5p id=\"42\"]\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">In this way, historical events in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth determine the strengthening of the Catholic faith and a way of writing different from Standard Latvian.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">It is important to understand that the Gothic fonts are used in the other parts of Latvia until the foundation of the Latvian state, whereas Latgalians maintain antiqua which strengthen the difference to the rest of Latvia.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Therefore, we can talk about two writing traditions in the Latvian language since the 18th century.<\/p>\r\n<strong>KEEP IN MIND!<\/strong>\r\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse;width: 89.608%;height: 175px\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 47px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 90.6272%;text-align: center;height: 47px\" colspan=\"2\">Factors which determined the development of both Latvian writing traditions:<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 128px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 46.7782%;height: 128px\">The Latgalian written language is based on:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>antiqua (roman type) font,<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Polish orthography,<\/li>\r\n \t<li>lexicon from the central varieties of the Upper Latvian dialect (in the area between Dagda and R\u0113zekne)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 43.849%;height: 128px\">The Low Latvian written language is based on:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>gothic font,<\/li>\r\n \t<li>(Low) German orthography,<\/li>\r\n \t<li>lexicon from varieties of the Low Latvian dialect.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n&nbsp;<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<img class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-140\" src=\"https:\/\/owlplus.eu\/latgalian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/10\/Katehisms_01-300x268.jpg\" alt=\"\u201cKato\u013cu katehisms\u201d(1585),\" width=\"300\" height=\"268\" \/>\u00a0 Gothic font\r\n\r\n<img class=\"alignnone wp-image-139\" src=\"https:\/\/owlplus.eu\/latgalian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/10\/Toto_Anno-2-300x173.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"288\" height=\"166\" \/>\u00a0 Antiqua font\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div><\/div>\r\n<div><\/div>","rendered":"<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">13. g. s. krysta karu rezultat\u0101 senej\u012b latgali, byudami jau pa da\u013cai pareizticeig\u012b, p\u012bjam kristticeibu katolicisma form\u0101. Kristticeib\u0101 latgali sagloboj ari sovu se\u0146\u010du religiskuos tradicejis. Katuolicisms <strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff\">Latgol\u0101<\/span><\/strong> n\u016bsastyprynoj 17.\u201318. g. s. P\u016blejis\u2013Leitovys lelva\u013csts laik\u0101. Sevi\u0161ka l\u016bma ir jezuitu i dominika\u0146u m\u016bku orde\u0146u darbeibai. 18. g. s. 70. god\u016bs apm\u0101ram nu 150 tyukst\u016b\u0161u <strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff\">Latgolys<\/span><\/strong> dzeivuotuoju beja ap 100 tyukst\u016b\u0161om katuo\u013cu.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Jezuiti dybynuoja misejis, c\u0113le bazneicys, veiduoja pyrmuos bibliotekys, \u0161kolys pi bazneicys, kai ari suoce d\u016bmuot par pyrmajim rokstim, lai v\u012btejais dzeivuotuojs saprostu D\u012bva vuordu i atsasaceitu nu se\u0146\u010du tradiceju. Kai soka, nakry\u0161kuo\u0146us raudzeja p\u012bv\u0113rst katuo\u013cu ticeibai. Tei ari n\u016bsastyprynuoja tik stypri, ka latgal\u012b\u0161i v\u0113\u013c 20. g. s. suokuos, vaicuoti par t\u016b, kaidys tauteibys j\u012b ir, atsaceja, ka katuoli.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Kai redzim, latgal\u012b\u0161u rokstu vol\u016bda jezuitim beja vajadzeiga teiri praktiskam n\u016bd\u016bmam, kab v\u012btej\u016bs latgal\u012b\u0161us p\u012bgr\u012bzt katuo\u013cticeibai.<\/p>\n<p>N\u016bsaver video i <strong>atkuortuoj svareiguok\u016bs viesturisk\u016bs faktus, kas n\u016bsaceja, ka <span style=\"color: #0000ff\">Latgolai<\/span> ir at\u0161kireiga viesture, religiskuo p\u012bdereiba i rokstu vol\u016bdys atteisteiba!<\/strong><\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-15\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-15\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"15\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Kas \u012btekmej Latgolys i latgal\u012b\u0161u vol\u016bdys at\u0161kireibys?\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>1.aizdavums. Sav\u012bnoj personeibu ar jam rakstureig\u016b darbeibys vidi ci veikumu!<\/strong><\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-16\">\n<div class=\"h5p-content\" data-content-id=\"16\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kuri ir svareiguok\u012b viesturis fakti, kas \u012btekmej Latgolys at\u0161kirteibu?<\/strong><\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-17\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-17\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"17\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Kuri ir svareiguok\u012b viesturis fakti, kas \u012btekmej Latgolys at\u0161kirteibu?\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Te ir div teksti, vacuokuo saglobuotuo gruomota, kas l\u012bk pamatu latv\u012b\u0161u drukuotam vuordam \u201cKato\u013cu katehisms\u201d (1585), \u00a0i \u201cEvangelia toto anno\u201d (1753).<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-140\" src=\"https:\/\/owlplus.eu\/latgalian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/10\/Katehisms_01-300x268.jpg\" alt=\"\u201cKato\u013cu katehisms\u201d(1585),\" width=\"386\" height=\"345\" srcset=\"https:\/\/owlplus.eu\/latgalian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/10\/Katehisms_01-300x268.jpg 300w, https:\/\/owlplus.eu\/latgalian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/10\/Katehisms_01-65x58.jpg 65w, https:\/\/owlplus.eu\/latgalian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/10\/Katehisms_01-225x201.jpg 225w, https:\/\/owlplus.eu\/latgalian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/10\/Katehisms_01-350x312.jpg 350w, https:\/\/owlplus.eu\/latgalian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/10\/Katehisms_01.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 386px) 100vw, 386px\" \/>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u201cKato\u013cu katehisms \u201d(1585, gotu \u0161rifts)<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-139\" style=\"font-size: 1em\" src=\"https:\/\/owlplus.eu\/latgalian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/10\/Toto_Anno-2-300x173.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"399\" height=\"230\" srcset=\"https:\/\/owlplus.eu\/latgalian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/10\/Toto_Anno-2-300x173.jpg 300w, https:\/\/owlplus.eu\/latgalian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/10\/Toto_Anno-2-1024x591.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/owlplus.eu\/latgalian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/10\/Toto_Anno-2-768x443.jpg 768w, https:\/\/owlplus.eu\/latgalian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/10\/Toto_Anno-2-65x38.jpg 65w, https:\/\/owlplus.eu\/latgalian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/10\/Toto_Anno-2-225x130.jpg 225w, https:\/\/owlplus.eu\/latgalian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/10\/Toto_Anno-2-350x202.jpg 350w, https:\/\/owlplus.eu\/latgalian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/10\/Toto_Anno-2.jpg 1375w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 399px) 100vw, 399px\" \/>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u201cEvangelia toto anno\u201d (1753, antikvys \u0161rifts)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Puorskait t\u016bs! Raugi \u201epuorlikt\u201d tekstu atbylst\u016b\u0161i myusu d\u012bnu latgal\u012b\u0161u voi latv\u012b\u0161u literarajai vol\u016bdai. Kur tys \u012bspiejams, raugi saglobuot religiskam tekstam rakstureig\u016b izteiksmi!<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ka gribi vaira dazynuot par raksteibys at\u0161kireibom, n\u016bsaver n\u016bdarbeibu <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tavaklase.lv\/video\/rokstu-voludys-rassonuos-ii\/\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff\">Tavaklase.lv &#8211; Rokstu vol\u016bdys ras\u0161onuos II<\/span><\/a>!<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Taitod viesturisk\u012b n\u016btykumi i P\u016blejis-Leitovys lelva\u013csts \u012btekme n\u016bsoka katuo\u013cu ticeibys n\u016bsastyprynuo\u0161onu i at\u0161kireigys raksteibys \u012bv\u012bs\u0161onu.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Juop\u012bzeist, ka gotu \u0161ritfs puorej\u016bs <strong><span style=\"color: #800000\">Latvejis<\/span><\/strong> n\u016bvod\u016bs sasagloboj da Latvejis va\u013csts izveiduo\u0161onys, tik tod puorej\u0101 <strong><span style=\"color: #800000\">Latvej\u0101<\/span><\/strong> puor\u012bt iz latgal\u012b\u0161im \u012brost\u016b i viesturyskuos at\u0161kierteibys laik\u016bs izmontuot\u016b antikvu.<\/p>\n<p>Nu 18. godu symta varim runuot par divejom rokstu tradicejom latv\u012b\u0161u vol\u016bd\u0101.<\/p>\n<p><strong>PATURI PRUOT\u0100!<\/strong><\/p>\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse;width: 89.608%;height: 175px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px\">\n<td style=\"width: 90.6272%;text-align: center;height: 47px\" colspan=\"2\">Obeju latv\u012b\u0161u rokstu tradiceju viesturiskuos izaveiduo\u0161onys faktori<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 128px\">\n<td style=\"width: 46.7782%;height: 128px\">Latgal\u012b\u0161u rokstu pamat\u0101:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>antikvys \u0161rifts,<\/li>\n<li>p\u016b\u013cu raksteiba,<\/li>\n<li>leksika nu aug\u0161zemn\u012bku dialekta centralom izl\u016bksnem (Dagda\u2013R\u0113zekne)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 43.849%;height: 128px\">Vyds dialekta rokstu pamat\u0101:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>gotu \u0161rifts,<\/li>\n<li>lejisvuocu raksteiba,<\/li>\n<li>leksika nu vydsdialekta izl\u016bk\u0161\u0146u<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\n<p><strong>Ol\u016bti \/ Sources<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Catechismvs Catholicorum <\/em>[..] 1585. <span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"http:\/\/senie.korpuss.lv\/source.jsp?codificator=CC1585\">http:\/\/senie.korpuss.lv\/source.jsp?codificator=CC1585<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><em>Evangelia Toto Anno<\/em> [..] 1753. VILN\u00c6: Typis S. R. M. Academ. Societ. Je\u017fu, 1753. <span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"http:\/\/www.korpuss.lv\/senie\/static\/EvTA1753.html\">http:\/\/www.korpuss.lv\/senie\/static\/EvTA1753.html<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li>Latgolys koncepti. <span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"http:\/\/futureofmuseums.eu\/lg\/virtual-gallery\/rezekne-higher-education-institution-collections\/\">http:\/\/futureofmuseums.eu\/lg\/virtual-gallery\/rezekne-higher-education-institution-collections\/<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li>Malahovskis, V. Katuoli. \u0160uplinska, I. zin. red. <em>Latgolys lingvoteritorialuo vuordineica<\/em> II. R\u0113zekne: R\u0113zeknis Augst\u0161kola, 2012, 288.\u2013291. lpp.<\/li>\n<li>Muizniece, E. Ilg\u012b godi zam sve\u0161im jumtim aba de\u013c kuo t\u012b latgal\u012b\u0161i sovai\u017euoki? <em>Baltie plankumi Latvijas v\u0113stur\u0113. <\/em>TvNet. <span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tvnet.lv\/6956768\/ilgi-godi-zem-svesim-jumtim-aba-del-kuo-ti-latgalisi-sovaizuoki\">https:\/\/www.tvnet.lv\/6956768\/ilgi-godi-zem-svesim-jumtim-aba-del-kuo-ti-latgalisi-sovaizuoki<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li>Stafecka, A. (atb. red.).<em>Evangelia toto anno 1753. Pirm\u0101 latgalie\u0161u gr\u0101mata.<\/em>\u00a0R\u012bga: LU Latvie\u0161u valodas instit\u016bts, 2004.<\/li>\n<li>\u0160uplinska, I. Rokstu vol\u016bdys ras\u0161onuos, II. <em>Latgal\u012b\u0161u rokstu vol\u016bda.<\/em> <span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tavaklase.lv\/video\/rokstu-voludys-rassonuos-ii\/\">Tavaklase.lv &#8211; Rokstu vol\u016bdys ras\u0161onuos II<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">In the 13th century, as a result of the crusades to North-Eastern Europe, ancient Latgalians adopted Catholicism, after they had partly converted to Orthodox Christianity earlier. However, in spite of becoming Christians, Latgalians also maintained some of their ancient religious traditions. Catholicism was strengthened in Latgale only in the 17th-18th centuries, when the area belonged to the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. In particular the Jesuits and the Dominicans played an important role in this. In the 1770s, of about 150,000 inhabitants in Latgale, about 100,000 were Catholics.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">The Jesuits created missions, built churches, and created first libraries and schools close to their churches. They started to think about the first texts in Latgalian so that the local inhabitants could understand the word of God and abandon their older traditions for good. Generally, they succeeded in establishing the Catholic faith in such an intense way that many Latgalians until the early 20th century, when asked about their national or ethnic identity, replied that they were Catholics.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">From this we can see that the Latgalian written language was important for the Jesuits for practical purposes, to convert local Latgalians to Catholicism.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Which important facts and events influenced the differences between Latgale and the rest of Latvia?<\/strong><\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-42\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-42\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"42\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Which important facts and events influenced the differences between Latgale and the rest of Latvia?\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">In this way, historical events in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth determine the strengthening of the Catholic faith and a way of writing different from Standard Latvian.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">It is important to understand that the Gothic fonts are used in the other parts of Latvia until the foundation of the Latvian state, whereas Latgalians maintain antiqua which strengthen the difference to the rest of Latvia.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Therefore, we can talk about two writing traditions in the Latvian language since the 18th century.<\/p>\n<p><strong>KEEP IN MIND!<\/strong><\/p>\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse;width: 89.608%;height: 175px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px\">\n<td style=\"width: 90.6272%;text-align: center;height: 47px\" colspan=\"2\">Factors which determined the development of both Latvian writing traditions:<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 128px\">\n<td style=\"width: 46.7782%;height: 128px\">The Latgalian written language is based on:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>antiqua (roman type) font,<\/li>\n<li>Polish orthography,<\/li>\n<li>lexicon from the central varieties of the Upper Latvian dialect (in the area between Dagda and R\u0113zekne)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 43.849%;height: 128px\">The Low Latvian written language is based on:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>gothic font,<\/li>\n<li>(Low) German orthography,<\/li>\n<li>lexicon from varieties of the Low Latvian dialect.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-140\" src=\"https:\/\/owlplus.eu\/latgalian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/10\/Katehisms_01-300x268.jpg\" alt=\"\u201cKato\u013cu katehisms\u201d(1585),\" width=\"300\" height=\"268\" srcset=\"https:\/\/owlplus.eu\/latgalian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/10\/Katehisms_01-300x268.jpg 300w, https:\/\/owlplus.eu\/latgalian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/10\/Katehisms_01-65x58.jpg 65w, https:\/\/owlplus.eu\/latgalian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/10\/Katehisms_01-225x201.jpg 225w, https:\/\/owlplus.eu\/latgalian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/10\/Katehisms_01-350x312.jpg 350w, https:\/\/owlplus.eu\/latgalian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/10\/Katehisms_01.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\u00a0 Gothic font<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-139\" src=\"https:\/\/owlplus.eu\/latgalian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/10\/Toto_Anno-2-300x173.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"288\" height=\"166\" srcset=\"https:\/\/owlplus.eu\/latgalian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/10\/Toto_Anno-2-300x173.jpg 300w, https:\/\/owlplus.eu\/latgalian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/10\/Toto_Anno-2-1024x591.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/owlplus.eu\/latgalian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/10\/Toto_Anno-2-768x443.jpg 768w, https:\/\/owlplus.eu\/latgalian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/10\/Toto_Anno-2-65x38.jpg 65w, https:\/\/owlplus.eu\/latgalian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/10\/Toto_Anno-2-225x130.jpg 225w, https:\/\/owlplus.eu\/latgalian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/10\/Toto_Anno-2-350x202.jpg 350w, https:\/\/owlplus.eu\/latgalian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/10\/Toto_Anno-2.jpg 1375w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 288px) 100vw, 288px\" \/>\u00a0 Antiqua font<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"menu_order":1,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-45","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":44,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/owlplus.eu\/latgalian\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/45","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/owlplus.eu\/latgalian\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/owlplus.eu\/latgalian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/owlplus.eu\/latgalian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"version-history":[{"count":26,"href":"https:\/\/owlplus.eu\/latgalian\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/45\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":424,"href":"https:\/\/owlplus.eu\/latgalian\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/45\/revisions\/424"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/owlplus.eu\/latgalian\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/44"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/owlplus.eu\/latgalian\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/45\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/owlplus.eu\/latgalian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=45"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/owlplus.eu\/latgalian\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=45"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/owlplus.eu\/latgalian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=45"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/owlplus.eu\/latgalian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=45"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}